Introduction to biology |Chapter 1 (part 2)|biology |class 9


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What is bioinformatics

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 INTRODUCTION TO BIOINFORMATICS Over the past few decades rapid developments in genomics and other molecular research technologies and, advancement in information technologies have combined to produce a tremendous amount of information related to molecular biology.  Bioinformatics is an evolving, interdisciplinary field of biology. Bioinformatics is the somewhat new and rather unfortunate term that is commonly employed for referring to the use of computers in biological research.  Bioinformatics is the application of mathematics/statistics and computer to the field of molecular biology. It is the name given to these mathematical and computing approaches used to glean understanding of biological processes.  The term bioinformatics was coined by Ben Hesper and Paulien Hogeweg in 1978 for the study of informatic methods in biological systems. Its primary use since the late 1980s has been in genetics & genomics, mainly in large-scale DNA sequencing area of genomics.  Bioinformatics no
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chapter 2| solving a biological problem part2

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Study Of Malaria - An Example Of Biological Method    malaria is a common disease in many countries including Pakistan.   history  :In ancient times (more than 2000 years ago), physicians were familiar with malaria. They described it as a disease of chills and fevers with recurring attacks. They also observed that the disease was more common among people living in low, marshy areas. It was thought that the stagnant water of marshes poisoned the air and as a result of breathing in this “bad air”, people got malaria. This belief led to the name of this disease. The Italian words “mala” means bad and “aria” means air. For further clarification of the observation, some volunteers drank stagnant water from the marshes. They did not develop malaria. In the 17th century when the New World (America) was discovered, many plants from America were sent back to Europe to be used as medicines. The bark of a tree known as quina-quina was very suitable for curing fevers. It was so beneficial that
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Human Brain | anatomy of human brain

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Here you go students an easy way to memories parts of your brain ,its basic structure . The  CNS   ( central nervous system ) is comprises of the brain and the spinal cord. The  PNS   ( peripheral nervous system ) comprises of  the spinal nerves that branch from the spinal cord and cranial nerves that branch from the brain. The brain have three parts  cerebrum :  composed of right and left hemispheres. It performs functions like interpreting touch, vision and hearing, as well as speech, reasoning, emotions, learning, and fine control of movement. cerebellum :  function is to coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, &balance. brainstem  : connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. It performs many automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, body temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and swallowing. The cerebrum is divided into four lobes:  frontal ,  parietal ,  occipital  temporal The surface of the cerebrum is ca
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